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44

     


In the name of Allah most gracious most merciful. 

Ethics and morals of the Messenger PPBU  -  02

   
Written by: SK.
Translated by Dr. Faheem Bukhatwa

 

dd mmm yyyy h

dd mmm yyyy ac

   

Thanks be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds. Peace and prayers be upon the most honorable of all messengers Mohammad; and all his folks, companions, and followers to the day they are all summoned together.

Ethics of the Messenger PPBU 2

 

In the name of Allah most gracious most merciful

 

It is with the grace of Allah upon his prophet Muhammad PPBU to honor him and bless him with great ethics and character. Many Ayas in the Quran mentioned and commended the great qualities associated with the messenger PPBU.

 

{Verily, there has come unto you a messenger from amongst yourselves. It grieves him that you should receive any injury or difficulty. He is anxious over you, for the believers full of pity, kind and merciful”}

 

With reference to his character in giving the good advice to Muslims, honesty and doing to the full of what was required of him in delivering Allah’s message, Allah said about him: {By the star when it goes down or vanishes, Your companion (reference is to Muhammad PPBU) has neither gone astray nor has erred. Nor does he speak of his own desire. It is only an inspiration that is inspired.}

 

Before he received his revelations, the messenger did enjoy a very high standard of ethics. Truthfulness, trustworthiness, generosity, wisdom, bravery, immaculacy, purity, contentment and many more. After the revelations were received Allah increase his messenger’s ethics and improved his character further.

 

Ebn-Masood said: “Allah has looked into the hearts of his slaves, and found the best heart is Muhammad’s heart. So Allah selected it for himself and picked him for delivering the message. Then Allah looked into his slave’s hearts and found the best amongst them and made them the messenger’s companions.” They gave their entire lives for the sake of this belief. They lived with him and after his death they took up the truth which he delivered to them, and they delivered it to those after them. Amongst those are the two great Imams (Bukhari and Muslim) who reported so many of the messenger’s talks.

 

1) Generosity

 

One of the messenger’s characters was generosity. The messenger of Allah was the most generous of all people ever. His generosity continued to be bigger with time during his life. He once said “Every messenger had once definitely answered prayer. I made mine to be given the power to intervene or mediate for my people in the Day of Judgment”. When he could have asked for any thing he chose to what is good for his people.

 

The messenger was never asked by any one, for anything of this worldly life but gave; money or otherwise.

 

A woman made a gown and wished to give it the messenger to ware. He needed it and took it thankfully and wore it. A man said “Give it to us to wear”, the messenger said “Yes”. He went home, took it off, folded it and sent it over. The reset of the companions gave out to the man saying: “Why did you ask him for the gown, you knew he needed it and you also knew he never says no when ever he is asked.” The man replied I didn’t want to wear but only wanted to be used as my coffin. And it was.

 

2) Closeness to people

 

Another attribute to the messenger is being close to the people, humble and modesty. He was closest to the weak, the poor and was so far from pride, snobbery and cockiness.

 

The messenger was given a choice of being a slave and a messenger or a prophet and a king. He chose to be a slave and a messenger.

 

The victorious day of coming to Mekka with his army, the messenger was so humbled bringing his head down that his beard was nearly touching the animal he was riding. Any leader would have put his head up so high with the feeling of victory and power. He was so humble with the mercy Allah has given him.

 

The messenger always listened to his people. Especially he respected and made sure women are taken care of. With children he always greeted them with Salam, and gentle and nice to. Anas, was working for the messenger, he said {I worked for the messenger for ten years, He never showed me a sign of not being pleased with me, and never said to me why didn’t I do something which I did not do, and never asked me why I did something}

 

3) Mercy and kindness

 

He was always very concerned with his people and full of mercy to his nation.

 

One man said to the messenger, I am late because of someone, who takes a long time when he leads us to prayer. The messenger was never seen so furious during a sermon than that day. He said {yea people, there are amongst you those who repel people. Any of you who lead others with a prayer, make allowances, {in another narration he was reported saying: lighten off} for amongst them may be the old, the sick and those with something to do afterwards.}

 

He was reported saying {I start the prayer with intention to make long readings. But I hear a child crying, I lighten off, for I hate to make it tough on his mother}

 

It was reported that the messenger came to prayer once with his grand daughter in his arm. He lead the prayer when he prostrates he puts her down and as he stands and takes her in his arms.

 

It was reported by 3a-esha that the messenger recommends the believers to do something. He him self would like to do, but he does not, Fearing that if he did then they take it as being compulsory to do.

 

4) Forgiveness and wisdom.

 

Just as the messenger ppbu used to be so merciful and compassionate , healso was very much forgiving, forbearing,  patient and enduring. His way of life was full of real situations and events that reflected that. Jaber may God be pleased with him said: We were ot on a battle with the messenger of Allah ppbu

5) The true sincerity in preaching for Allah

 

6) His stength, heroism and courage.

 

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((  The rest is not translated yet. ))

 

4ـ عفوه وحلمه صلى الله عليه وسلم

 

وكما كان صلى الله عليه وسلم غاية في الرحمة والشفقة فهو غاية في العفو والحلم والصفح والصبر والتحمل، وسيرته العطرة حافلة بالوقائع الدالة على ذلك. ففي الصحيحين عن جابر رضي الله عنه، قال: "غزونا مع الرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم غزوة قبل نجد فأدركنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في واد كثير العضاة, فنزل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم تحت شجرة فعلق سيفه بغصن من أغصانها, قال: فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : "إن رجلا أتاني وأنا نائم فأخذ السيف فاستيقظت وهو قائم على رأسي فلم أشعر إلا والسيف صلتا في يده فقال لي: من يمنعك مني، قال: قلت الله، ثم قال في الثانية: من يمنعك مني، قال: قلت الله، قال: فشام السيف فها هو ذا جالس ثم لم يعرض له رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم". وهذا لفظ مسلم. وعند البخاري: "ولم يعاقبه وجلس". وفي الصحيحين عن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت: "دخل رهط من اليهود على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقالوا: السام عليكم, قالت عائشة ففهمتها فقلت: وعليكم السام واللعنة قالت: فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "مهلا يا عائشة إن الله يحب الرفق في الأمر كله فقلت يا رسول الله ألم تسمع ما قالوا؟ قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قد قلت:وعليكم.."

وفي الصحيحين عن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت:"ماخير رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بين أمرين إلا أخذ أيسرهما ما لم يكن إثما فإن كان إثما كان أبعد الناس منه وما انتقم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لنفسه إلا أن تنتهك حرمة الله فينتقم لله بها"، وروى البخاري ومسلم في صحيحهما عن أنس رضي الله عنه قال:"كنت أمشي مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وعليه برد نجراني غليظ الحاشية فأدركه أعرابي فجبذ بردائه جبذة شديدة, قال أنس: فنظرت إلى صفحة عاتق النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وقد أثرت بها حاشية الرداء من شدة جبذته ثم قال:يا محمد مر لي من مال الله الذي عندك فالتفت إليه فضحك ثم أمر له بعطاء."

 

5 – نصحه صلى الله عليه وسلم في الدعوة إلى دين الله

 

لما بعث الله رسوله محمداً صلى الله عليه وسلم بالدين القويم قام بأعباء هذه المهمة على الوجه الأكمل وصبر على ما اعترضه في هذا السبيل من أذى. أخرج البخاري ومسلم في صحيحيهما عن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "يا رسول الله هل أتى عليك يوم كان أشد من يوم أحد فقال: لقد لقيت من قومك وكان أشد ما لقيت منهم يوم العقبة إذ عرضت نفسي على ابن عبد ياليل بن عبد كلال فلم يجبني إلى ما أردت فانطلقت وأنا مهموم على وجهي فلم أستفق إلا بقرن الثعالب فرفعت رأسي فإذا أنا بسحابة قد أظلتني فنظرت فإذا فيها جبريل فناداني فقال: إن الله عز وجل قد سمع قول قومك لك وما ردوا عليك وقد بعث إليك ملك الجبال لتأمره بما شئت فيهم قال: فناداني ملك الجبال وسلم علي ثم قال: يا محمد إن الله قد سمع قول قومك لك وأنا ملك الجبال وقد بعثني ربك إليك لتأمرني بأمرك فما شئت ؟ إن شئت أن أطبق عليهم الاخشبين فقال له رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: بل أرجو أن يخرج الله من أصلابهم من يعبد الله وحده لا يشرك به شيئا". إنّ هذا لهو الخلق العظيم يناله صلى الله عليه وسلم مثل هذا الأذى وتحف به المصائب فينطلق على وجهه مهموما ثم تعرض عليه ملائكة الله القضاء على أعدائه بأن يطبقوا عليهم الاخشبين – وهما جبلا مكة – فلا يستجيب لهذا العرض ويجيب بالإجابة التي تبرهن على تمام نصحه ومحبته لأن يعبد الله وحده فيقول: "بل أرجو أن يخرج الله من أصلابهم من يعبد الله لا يشرك به شيئا".

وقد ترك صلى الله عليه وسلم الناس على محجة بيضاء واضحة كفيلة لمن سلكها بعز الدنيا وسعادة الآخرة جاء ذلك نتيجة لاتصاف الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم بكمال النصح وقوة البيان ونهاية الأمانة فما من شيء يقرب إلى الله إلا دل عليه أمته ورغبها فيه كما حذرها مما يخالف ذلك فلم يقصر في صلى الله عليه وسلم في إبلاغه شرع الله ولم يقصر في بيانه عند الإبلاغ. أخرج مسلم في صحيحه عن سلمان الفارسي رضي الله عنه أنه قيل له: "قد علمكم نبيكم صلى الله عليه وسلم كل شيء حتى الخراءة، قال فقال: أجل لقد نهانا أن نستقبل القبلة لغائط أو بول أو أن نستنجي باليمين أو أن نستنجي بأقل من ثلاثة أحجار أو أن نستنجي برجيع أو عظم".

وقد أعلن صلى الله عليه وسلم قيامه بواجب التبليغ في أعظم جمع لقيه وذلك في حجة الوداع واستشهد الناس على أنفسهم فشهدوا الشهادة الحق بإبلاغه رسالة ربه وتأديته ما أمر به على أكمل وجه ونصحه في ذلك في حديث جابر الطويل في صفة حج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم الذي أخرجه مسلم في صحيحه وفيه قوله صلى الله عليه وسلم وهو يخطب الناس يوم عرفة: "وقد تركت فيكم ما لن تضلوا بعده إن اعتصمتم به كتاب الله وأنتم تسألون عني فماذا أنتم قائلون ؟ قالوا نشهد أنك قد بلغت وأديت ونصحت فقال بإصبعه السبابة يرفعها إلى السماء وينكثها إلى الناس: اللهم اشهد اللهم اشهد ثلاث مرات".

ولم يدع صلى الله عليه وسلم وسيلة فيها إيضاح وإفهام للناس وحفز للهمم إلى القيام بطاعة الله والبعد عن معصيته إلا سلكها في سبيل دعوته إلى الله وتحذيراً منه من النكوب عن الشرع القويم الذي جاء به صلى الله عليه وسلم فكان يضرب الأمثلة التي تجعل الشيء المبين في صورة المحسوس المشاهد، ففي مسلم عن أبي موسى الأشعري رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: "إن مثلي ومثل ما بعثني الله به كمثل رجل أتى قومه فقال: يا قوم إني رأيت الجيش بعيني وأنا النذير العريان فالنجاء فأطاعه طائفة من قومه فأدلجوا فانطلقوا على مهلتهم وكذبت طائفة منهم فأصبحوا مكانهم فصبحهم الجيش فأهلكهم واجتاحهم فذلك مثل من أطاعني واتبع ما جئت به ومثل من عصاني وكذب ما جئت به من الحق"، وفي صحيحه أيضا عن جابر رضي الله عنه قال: "قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: مثلي ومثلكم كمثل رجل أوقد ناراً فجعل الجنادب والفراش يقعن فيها وهو يذبهن عنها وأنا آخذ بحجزكم عن النار وأنتم تفلتون من يدي", واتفق البخاري ومسلم على إخراج هذا الحديث عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه وكان صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا سئل عن شيء وكانت الأهمية لغير المسؤول عنه لفت نظر السائل برفقه وحكمته صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى ذلك الأهم. ففي الصحيحين عن أنس رضي الله عنه أن رجلا سأل النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عن الساعة فقال: "متى الساعة ؟ قال: وماذا أعددت لها ؟ قال: لا شيء إلا أني أحب الله ورسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال صلى الله عليه وسلم: أنت

مع من أحببت". إلى غير ذلك من الوسائل التي اتبعها صلى الله عليه وسلم في هدايته وإرشاده

6 – قوته وشجاعته صلى الله عليه وسلم

ومن أخلاقه صلى الله عليه وسلم أن جمع الله له إلى القوة الإيمانية الكاملة القوة البدنية فاستعمل هذه القوة في عبادة الله وطاعته والسعي الحثيث إلى كل ما يقربه إليه وهو الأسوة والقدوة لأمته في كل خير. روى البخاري ومسلم في صحيحيهما عن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت: "كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا صلى قام حتى تفطر رجلاه. قالت عائشة: يا رسول الله أتصنع هذا وقد غفر الله لك ما تقدم من ذنبك وما تأخر ؟ فقال: يا عائشة أفلا أكون عبدا شكورا ؟" وفي الصحيحين أيضا عن أنس رضي الله عنه قال: "كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أحسن الناس وأجود الناس وأشجع الناس ولقد فزع أهل المدينة ذات ليلة فانطلق الناس قبل الصوت فاستقبلهم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قد سبق الناس إلى الصوت وهو يقول: لم ترعوا لم ترعوا وهو على فرس لأبي طلحة عرى ما عليه سرج في عنقه سيف فقال: لقد وجدته بحرا أو أنه لبحر".

وكان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يتقدم أصحابه في الجهاد في سبيل الله وقد شج وجهه وكسرت رباعيته صلى الله عليه وسلم يوم أحد. وفي غزوة حنين ثبت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حين انهزم الكثير ممن معه ففي الصحيحين عن البراء بن عازب رضي الله عنه أن رجلا قال له: "يا أبا عمارة أفررتم عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يوم حنين ؟ فقال: لكن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لم يفر، إن هوازن كانوا قوماً رماة فلما لقيناهم وحملنا عليهم انهزموا فأقبل الناس فلقد رأيت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأبا سفيان بن الحارث آخذ في لجام بغلته البيضاء وهو يقول: أنا النبي لا كذب أنا ابن عبد المطلب".

قال ابن كثير رحمه الله في تفسيره بعد سياق هذا الحديث: " قلت وهذا في غاية ما يكون من الشجاعة التامة أنه في مثل هذا اليوم في حومة الوعي وقد انكشف عنه جيشه وهو مع هذا على بغلة وليست سريعة الجري ولا تصلح لفر ولا كر ولا هرب وهو مع هذا يركضها إلى وجوههم وينوه باسمه ليعرفه من لم يعرفه صلوات الله وسلامه عليه دائما إلى يوم الدين وما هذا كله إلا ثقة بالله وتوكلا عليه وعلما منه بأنه سينصره ويتم ما أرسله به ويظهر دينه على سائر الأديان".

 

 

 

Notes:

  1. Adhan - The call to prayer.

  2. Ansar (or Al-Ansar): The inhabitants of the city of Al-Medina that received and supported the messenger (PPBU) when he immigrated from Mekkah in the very early years of Islam.

  3. Assalam Alaikum - The Islamic greeting, literately means: Peace be with you. Used when approaching or leaving. When used during approaching it will be like saying: I bring no harm to you . and when said during leaving somebody it will mean: No harm will come to you after I leave.

  4. Aya (or Ayah): is a verse of the Koran. It also means a miracle or a sign from God.

  5. Arafa (or Arafah or Arafat): is a mountain outside the city of Mecca that represents the climax of the Hajj worship. All doing Hajj must stay at this location on the same day.

  6. Badr - The place of the first significant battle between the Muslims and the pagans of the Quraish. It is located in Saudi Arabia.  

  7. Caliph - A Muslim ruler. See: (Khalifa) 

  8. Dajjal - Antichrist or the False Massiah.

  9. Dawah - The proliferation of Islamic teachings through word and deed.  

  10. Deen (Din) - Religion or way of life. 

  11. Duaa: a prayer in the form of talking to Allah; praising him and asking him for help.

  12. Fatwa - Legal verdict given based on the Qur'an (Koran) and the Sunnah which are the recorded sayings and deeds of Muhammad.

  13. Ferdose: is the highest level of the all the gardens of Eden or paradise.

  14. Fiqh - Religious law.

  15. Hadeeth: is something reported that the messenger have said. It includes all the speeches and ceremonies he gave. It is usually narrated or told by one of his companions. There is a list of hadeeths approximately 14000 that are reported and checked to be genuine. No more hadeeths are acceptably added to this list.

  16. Hajar - The Black Stone set into the corner of the Ka'aba in Mecca. It is said to be a stone from Heaven.

  17. Hajj - The pilgrimage to Mecca which takes place in the last month of the Islamic calendar.  One of the five pillars of Islam.

  18. Hasana or hasanas: is the reward for a good deed. a hasana is a point or a merit for a good deed.

  19. Hadith - The sayings and not deeds of the prophet Muhammad recorded by his followers.  Considered authoritative and perfect.

  20. Hajj: is the worship of pilgrimage.

  21. Hijra (or Hejrah): the event of the immigration of the messenger from Mekkah to Madina. This event marks the start of the Islamic calendar. the Islamic calendar has 12 months based on the lunar cycle, each is 29.5 days. Hijra is also used as a name for the Islamic dating system.

  22. Ibadah - Worship. All the words and deeds with which Allah is pleased. These deeds could be prayer and charity.

  23. Iblis - (Ibleese): On of Satan's names.

  24. Ibn (Ebn): the son of. Used by Arabs as part of an individual's name. Example: Ali whose father is Omar or the son of Omar, would be called: Ali Ibn Omar.

  25. Imam (or Emam)- The leader for a prayer. In the Shiaa sect, an Imam is the individual who has the religious authority.  

  26. Iman: belief or faith

  27. Injil (Enjeel) - The Bible. The book inspired to Jesus for the Christians.

  28. Islam - Submission, the religion of all the prophets of Allah culminating in Muhammad.

  29. Jannah - The heavenly garden, Paradise.  The place of the faithful in the afterlife.

  30. Jihad: is striving in the line of Allah in many forms. Includes a very wide scope varying from improving oneself to fighting a defensive war in protection of Allah's word. The greatest Jihad is the fight one's self against temptations. It also means "holy war."

  31. Jinn - Supernatural, invisible beings race of beings, below angels.  They were made from fire. Like humans, there amongst them are the faithful and the non beleivers and Jinn shall be judged on Judgment Day.

  32. Ka'aba: A cube shaped building in Mecca containing a stone laid there by Abraham and Ishmael. Some say Ka'aba was first built by Adam, and some say by Abraham. It is the holiest place for Muslims. It is where all Muslims face in their daily prayers. Ka'aba also makes a major part of the pilgrimage in a ritual known as Tawaf.

  33. Khalifa: is the Muslim ruler. Head of the Islamic empire. Exact translation: "Successor".

  34. Khutbah  - A sermon given in a Mosque, usually on Friday.

  35. Kufr - Denial or Disbelief. A term Muslims use for anyone who denies existence of Allah or the prophecy of Muhammed.

  36. Koran - Also spelled Qur'an.  The holy book of Islam revealed to Muhammad by Allah through the Archangel Gabriel.  Koran literally means "the recital."  It is the final revelation of Allah given to the prophet Muhammad. It consists of 114 surahs (or chapters.)

  37. Madinah - (Medinah): A city in the Arabian peninsula (in the country known now as Saudi Arabia). A city where the messenger had to immigrate to. Then it was called Yathrib.

  38. Masjid - A center for Muslim activity.  It is referred to as a mosque.

  39. Masiah - A sin, or a sinful act

  40. Mecca or Makkah: is the holiest city for Muslims. It contains the Ka'aba mosque with the famous black cubical shape. Mecca is the birth place of the messenger (PPBU).

  41. Mosque - A Muslim house of worship.

  42. Muhajir - (Muhajireen) Immigrant, one who leaves his home town due to lack of religious freedom. It was first used to describe early Muslims immigrating from Mecca to Median and Ethiopia.

  43. Muhammad - the final messenger and prophet of God whose message abrogated all previous revelations.  He received the Koran through the angel Gabriel over a 23 year period. Born in Mecca and died in Medina at the age of 63. His full name: Muhammad ibn Abd-Allah

  44. Muslim - One who holds faith to the religion of Islam.

  45. Nafilah: a voluntary prayer other than the five obligatory prayers; performed at any time.

  46. Nasara - Christians.  Nasrani: A Christian individual. Nasraniah: Christianity.

  47. Ommah: is the Arabic word for a nation. It usually refers to the Islamic nation unless otherwise specified.

  48. Paradise - Another word for heaven.  A garden of bliss, fruits, rivers and all forms of pleasures imaginable and imaginable. No suffering, disease or death. Service is provided by angels. All live  in it an ever lasting youthful life. Promised by Almighty Allah to all faithful, true Jews, true Christians and True Muslims. Paradise is one of two places every person will go to, either Paradise or Hellfire.

  49. PPBU (P.B.U.H.) : Peace and Prayers Be Upon him. A statement Muslims use any time they mention the name of the messenger or make a reference to him.

  50. Qadar - Fate. Preordainment is the teaching that all things, good and bad, are preordained to occur.

  51. Qadr - (night of Qadr): The night when the first revelation of the Koran took place. Most likely it happened during one of the last ten nights of the month of Ramadan. Or when the Koran was brought down to the nearest heaven in one go, and from there it was brought down in bits and few verses at a time over a period of 23 years. This night is considered the holiest night for Muslims with tremendous advantages.

  52. Qibla - The direction which Muslims turn for daily prayers, towards Mecca.

  53. Quraish - An ancient Arab tribe to which the messenger Muhammad belonged.

  54. Ramadan - The ninth month of the Islamic calendar which is the month of the fast. The holiest month in the Muslim colander.

  55. Salat - Prayers. Generally it covers all forms of worship, but more specifically refers to the Muslim rituals which is performed to worship Allah five times daily.

  56. Shiaa: A sect of Islam that teaches that a religion leader (Imam) should be the political ruler and must be direct descendants of the messenger (PPBU). Therefore, disapproving of all Muslim leaders who ruled After the messenger (PPBU) except Ali, the messenger's grandson.

  57. Shirk - Associating another god with Allah.  Or associating anyone or anything with Allah. Or using anyone or anything as a medium to Allah. The opposite of Monotheism or Tawheed.  

  58. Siam  or Soam- Fasting

  59. Sunni: is a the title of  those Muslims who are suppose to be following the life style of the messenger. This differentiates them from the Shiaa of Iran.

  60. Sunna (Sunnah): Is how the Messenger PPBU lived, what he did or said. It includes the way he dressed, ate, drank, prayed, interacted with other people and fought. Basically, sunnah is the life style of the messenger PPBU. It is considered the second source of legislation in Islamic laws and it is considered to be an important reference to be used for concluding arguments and disputes. It is also a title give to the main stream Muslims who make 90% if all Muslims.

  61. Surah - A chapter of the Koran.  

  62. Tawaf: part of the pilgrimage (Hajj) ritual. It involves walking round the Ka'aba Mosque in anti-clock wise direction a number of seven circles.

  63. Tauhid - Tawheed - Monotheism, in Islam is the teaching that there is only one God who alone is worthy of worship. The first requirement of becoming a Muslim. It is included in the testimony of faith for new Muslims when declaring that God is one: (No God but Allah)

  64. Taqwah - Proper fear and veneration of Allah.  A divine spark that enables the person to understand God.

  65. Taurat: The old Testaments and scriptures of Mosa.

  66. Ummah - the word means: a Nation. Usually refers to the Islamic nation unless otherwise stated.

  67. Umrah - (Amrah): A mini hajj. A Minor form of pilgrimage to Mecca. Unlike Hajj which can only be done on the 12th month of the Islamic year, Umrah can be performed at any time.

  68. Wathoo (wadoo): a washing up ritual done by Muslims before each of the five daily prayers known as ablution.

  69. Zaboor - The Psalms

  70. Zakat - The third pillar of Islam.  Alms giving, charity that is given to the poor.

 

 


Faheem Bukhatwa, my email address is : faheemfb@gmail.com